10/25 Assignment: How Frankenstein's Monster has Changed

It’s interesting to see how Frankenstein’s monster has changed over time. Pretty much all the incarnations of Frankenstein’s monster I was exposed to while growing up, which mostly consisted of cameos in cartoons, were referred to as Frankenstein and many years passed before I learned that the monster actually had no name in the original story. I’d never read Frankenstein before taking this class but having now done so, I see that it wasn’t just the monster that was changed over time. The entire story was altered.

There is no doubt that the monster in Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein plays a major role in the story. That’s obvious. However, Victor Frankenstein’s role is just as important.  A large portion of the story is from his viewpoint and so it naturally goes into a lot of detail on his life, his hopes and dreams, his thoughts on the monster he has created, and the way the monster ultimately ruins his life. The monster gets a chance to offer its perspective as well, but both viewpoints are crucial for the reader to consider as it is by analyzing each that you conclude who the real monster is. There is a definite focus on the relationship between Frankenstein and his monster and how they interact with each other.

This relationship seems to have been drastically changed in the later adaptations of the novel, such as in the 1931 film. Though I haven’t watched the movie, judging from the Wikipedia summary, the central focus of the movie’s plot has shifted more to the monster. Though it still revolves around how the monster’s actions effect Frankenstein’s life, the doctor does not die in the end, nor is his life necessarily left in shambles. He receives a happier ending. This was probably changed because it was assumed that people usually like happy endings to their movies but doing so made the movie almost an entirely different story from the book. The fact that the monster also does not ever get to a point where it can talk or communicate its thoughts was a major contributor to this change as well. The movie went more for the physical horror while toning down the psychological issues that both the monster and Frankenstein were facing in the novel. Psychological issues can’t really be explored without speech so the relationship between the monster and Frankenstein was simplified. Focusing more on the physical horror of Frankenstein’s monster simplified the monster in general, turning it into the “Frankenstein” we know today: dumb, incapable of speech, and committing violent acts for 
reasons an abused dog would (because it was treated badly) rather than revenge.

I think this is the main reason Frankenstein’s name was transferred to the monster over time. The novel takes its name from Victor Frankenstein so it’s obvious that he’s an important and central character to the story. The later iterations switched the focus to the monster but still named the movie Frankenstein. With less importance placed on the actual character of Frankenstein, audiences probably remembered the monster more than the doctor so the title Frankenstein became associated with the monster. The decrease in focus on the doctor can be seen in modern cameos of Frankenstein’s monster. Take the animated movie Hotel Transylvania. Dr. Frankenstein doesn’t even appear in it, just his monster. And the monster’s name is Frankenstein. Of course, this is a children’s movie so it’s not concerned with being faithful to the source material. But the choice to include only the monster shows what the filmmakers assume we, the audience, will know and recognize.  Victor Frankenstein is no longer a major focus in his own story.

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